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Shot peening is a cold-working surface treatment in which a controlled stream of media — typically cast steel shot, glass beads, or ceramic beads — is propelled against a component to induce compressive residual stresses in the surface layer, improving fatigue life and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in structural airframe parts, landing gear, turbine discs, and blade roots; the process is governed by Almen intensity and coverage specifications in accordance with AMS 2430 and related aerospace standards, with computer-controlled and robotic peening systems used for consistent, repeatable results on complex geometries.